chrispeng [ad_1]
1 Overview
Network toll collection is an important work to improve the service level and management efficiency of expressway toll collection, and it is also an important part of the country’s development strategy for expressway informatization and intelligent transportation. Since the Ministry of Transport formally issued the “Interim Technical Requirements for Expressway Networking Tolls” in October 2000, the provincial and municipal expressway network tolling work with provincial administrative regions as a unit has accelerated. As of the end of June 2004, networked toll collection systems in many provinces have been basically completed, and the number of road sections incorporated into the networked toll collection has continued to increase, and the scale of the networked toll collection network has continued to expand.
my country’s highways generally adopt a closed toll system. In the networked toll system of various provinces and cities, the manual cash toll (MTC) method based on IC cards as tolls is generally adopted. With the acceleration of the national series of gold card projects, financial electronicization and transportation all-in-one card, the demand for electronic payment in highway tolls has been put on the agenda. As the name implies, electronic payment is the use of electronic means to realize monetary payment, and the electronic payment in highway tolling is the realization of toll payment by means of non-cash payment, which represents the technological development direction of the highway toll industry. The main ways to realize electronic payment in highway toll collection are debit cards, credit cards, prepaid cards, electronic wallets and so on.
Among the various electronic payment methods for highway tolls, the electronic e-toll collection (ETC) technology based on dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) technology has the advantages of exempting cash transactions, passing quickly without parking, effectively improving traffic capacity, and greatly improving service levels. , Simplify the management of fees, reduce environmental pollution and other obvious features and advantages are widely favored by people. Since its introduction in the early 1990s, this technology has been widely used in North America, Europe, Japan, Australia, Singapore and other places. It has been proved to be an advanced non-cash payment method that will replace traditional manual charging. Toll technical means.
2. The new goal after network charging-non-cash electronic payment
The core goal of highway network toll collection in various provinces and cities in my country is to abolish the main line toll stations and solve the problem of multiple parking fees within the same road network; at the same time, through the background system networking, the cross-section toll amount can be divided and settled. The current network toll collection of highways in various provinces and cities in my country has the following characteristics:
(1) In the charging technology, the manual cash charging (MTC) system based on the non-contact logic encrypted IC card as the pass is adopted as the mainstream.
(2) The network toll collection only realizes the “one card” of IC card ticket in the road network, that is, the driver receives an IC card ticket at the entrance of the road network, and the toll collector collects it at the exit.
(3) Online charging still has not changed the traditional cash payment method, and has not brought a substantial improvement in the level of charging service. That is, non-contact IC cards are generally used as pure passes, and they are matched with paper currency cash transactions to complete the payment.
(4) At the same time as the construction of networked charging systems in some places, they began to consider developing non-cash prepaid services using logically encrypted IC cards as account carriers, and issuing prepaid cards to vehicle users.
(5) The application of ETC technology has not been comprehensively considered with expressway network tolling, and is separated from each other. ETC still cannot be effectively promoted.
Worldwide, highway toll technology pays more attention not to “networked tolling” itself, but the essence is to adopt advanced electronic non-stop toll technology to provide non-cash payment and electronic settlement services to users of toll roads. Typical toll roads that provide such non-cash payment and electronic settlement services include Highway 407 in Canada, Highway One in California, Australia’s Sydney Electronic Toll Road, Portugal’s National Electronic Toll Road Network, France’s TIS Electronic Toll, Singapore’s ERP (Electronic Road Toll Collection), etc., all use ETC to provide non-cash payment, convenient and fast electronic toll collection services without parking.
In the process of developing highway network toll collection in our country, if we combine ETC and IC card non-cash toll collection services with a higher strategic perspective, the network toll collection will take the elimination of main line toll stations and the realization of the network toll collection of the IC card system in the road network as the basic goal. In addition, another important and feasible goal is to realize the “all-in-one card” non-cash charging service based on electronic payment and back-office settlement.
The networked toll collection system implemented under this concept will have obvious advantages over the general purely networked use of tolls: first, it realizes the cancellation of main line toll stations, and the unified circulation of IC card coupons on the entire road network; second, Adopt a unified back-office transaction management and settlement support system, provide non-cash electronic payment methods, and provide users with electronic payment services that are free of cash; the third is that the toll service front desk (lane) can be restricted according to traffic flow requirements and lane resources Flexible configuration, choose to provide electronic payment services in manual semi-automatic toll collection (MTC) or ETC mode; the fourth is to extend the ubiquitous electronic value-added service network with the help of electronic toll media and electronic settlement networks: service areas, gas stations, cars Maintenance, electronic payment in convenience stores, etc.
The realization of networked toll collection and non-cash toll collection in this way will effectively improve the efficiency of the expressway transportation service network, and give full play to the inherent advantages of the expressway; at the same time, with the help of the electronic toll collection system, the management cost will be greatly increased. Savings will bring higher levels of user service and user satisfaction, and reduce the pressure from some members of the public who oppose the charging of road public facilities.
3. Main methods of electronic payment in highway toll collection
There are three main methods of electronic payment (non-cash toll collection service) in highway toll collection: namely, pure IC card non-cash toll collection (parking mode), non-cash toll collection based on single-chip electronic tags (non-parking mode), and two-chip based non-cash toll collection. Electronic tag combined non-cash charge (parking mode and non-parking mode).
3.1 Pure IC card non-cash charge (MTC)
In the IC card manual charging system, the basic charging mode is to use the logically encrypted IC card as the pass. When the vehicle enters the entrance, the IC card ticket is received, and the toll collector collects the card when it arrives at the exit, and the user pays in cash at the same time. In addition, IC cards can also be used as a non-cash charging medium. The card is issued by the operating unit, and the user applies for a user card at a service point designated by the operating unit. At the same time, the system records user account opening information and account information in the background and IC card. And so on, users can make non-cash electronic payments on highways with their cards. This system has the following characteristics:
(1) Swipe and pay for parking at the lane toll terminal at the front desk, settle and transfer accounts in the background of the system, and provide users with non-cash payment services.
(2) The system only provides MTC manual charging services for parking, and there is no convenient ETC service.
(3) The technical realization of the system is relatively simple, and it only needs to be conveniently superimposed on the original IC card manual charging system.
(4) The system generally pays for a back-end account. Unless a CPU card is used, there is not enough security to realize payment based on stored-value cards (ie, electronic wallets) based on offline transactions at the front desk.
(5) The construction cost of the system is relatively low, but there is no qualitative improvement in the level of charging service for users.
3.2 Non-cash charges (ETC) based on single-chip electronic tags
The electronic non-stop toll collection system based on a single-chip electronic tag is an advanced non-cash payment method. The front-end equipment of this system consists of roadside read-write equipment (RSU) and on-board electronic tag equipment (OBU) equipment. The on-board electronic tag is fixed on the vehicle as a unique identification device for the vehicle. When the vehicle loaded with the electronic tag passes through the toll station, the ETC toll system communicates with the electronic tag through the roadside read-write device to read the relevant information and calculations of the vehicle. The amount of fees, control traffic command equipment, so as to complete automatic charging. This method is very similar to the pure IC card non-cash payment method, but due to the wireless communication method based on the DSRC technology, the communication distance between the electronic tag and the roadside equipment is greatly increased (up to 7-15 meters) , So that the vehicle can quickly pass through the toll gate without stopping. This technology has the following characteristics:
(1) Based on RFID technology or DSRC technology, a single-chip electronic tag is a non-cash payment medium.
(2) Toll transactions are automatically completed at the toll lane terminal at the front desk, free of parking and manual intervention, fast and convenient, and system background settlement and transfer.
(3) It only realizes the electronic toll collection service in non-stop mode, does not provide the traditional manual charging service that users are accustomed to, and does not have the compatibility of manual semi-automatic charging.
(4) Compared with the IC card system in terms of implementation, it requires at least one front desk toll terminal network independent of the manual toll system, and ETC lanes need to be set up at each toll station.
(5) Generally, back-end account-based payment is used, and there is not enough security to realize the payment of stored-value card (ie, electronic wallet) based on the offline transaction method of the front desk, which easily brings the risk of fund default and difficulty in recourse to the operating unit.
(6) The toll service level for users has been greatly improved, but the construction cost of the system is also very high under the condition of closed expressway network tolling.
3.3 Combined electronic toll collection based on two-piece electronic tags (ETC+MTC)
Combined electronic toll collection is a combined toll collection technology based on two-piece electronic tags. In the combined charging system, the electronic label used is a two-piece electronic label with a standard IC card interface (usually a contact IC card interface of ISO7816 specification or a non-contact IC card interface of ISO14443 specification), and The IC card forms a complete set of two-piece ETC vehicle-mounted equipment. The IC card in the two-piece electronic label can be a logical encryption card in MIFARE I format or a non-contact or dual interface CPU card in MIFARE PRO format. Two-piece electronic tags and IC cards are issued by the operating unit, and users apply for on-board equipment at the issuance service point designated by the operating unit. When applying, users can choose to apply for an IC card alone, or they can choose to apply together with a two-piece electronic tag. If you choose the former, the user can get MTC’s non-cash payment service; if you apply for the latter, the user can get both MTC and ETC non-cash payment services. This technology has the following characteristics:
(1) The system is a toll system based on IC card as the charging medium, which is compatible with manual semi-automatic toll collection (MTC) and electronic non-stop toll collection (ETC).
(2) The front end of the toll system (lane level) can be set with MTC lanes and ETC lanes as needed.
(3) MTC uses cash and non-cash payment methods, and ETC uses non-cash payment methods.
(4) Under MTC’s cash payment method, a non-contact IC card is used as a pass. The toll collector issues the card at the entrance and receives the card at the exit, and the user pays in cash.
(5) Under MTC’s non-cash payment method, IC cards are used as pass and payment cards. Users swipe their cards at the entrance and pass through, and pay with their cards at the exit, without cash transactions.
(6) In the ETC mode, a two-piece electronic tag plus an IC card is used as a complete charging medium. Using this medium, electronic payment services without parking can be easily realized.
(7) The IC card issued by the operating unit can be made into a debit card (containing account information) or a stored value card (electronic wallet) according to operational needs, referred to as a non-cash payment card; this payment card is used as a non-cash payment method, both It can be used in ETC with the vehicle-mounted machine, and can be used in MTC. In this way, it is compatible with MTC and ETC.
[ad_2]
