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1. Background
With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, the status of logistics equipment in economic development has become more and more obvious, and the penetration rate of forklifts has become higher and higher. Forklifts play a very important role in the company’s logistics system and are the main force in material handling equipment. This trackless, tire-walking loading and unloading vehicle is widely used in factories and mines, warehouses, stations, ports, airports, freight yards, circulation centers and distribution centers, etc., and can enter warehouses, carriages, and containers, and package and package It is an indispensable equipment for pallet transportation and container transportation for short-distance handling operations such as loading and unloading, stacking, and destacking of assemblies, such as pallets and containers.
The important position of forklifts in logistics and warehousing has ushered in a good development space. At the same time, diversified and intelligent logistics and warehousing requirements also put forward higher requirements for the development of forklifts. In recent years, while forklift products have developed from serialization, diversification and green power technology, more and more attention has been paid to the development and application of automatic identification technology in forklifts. The overall operation level of forklifts is improved and the composite functions are improved to ensure While the forklift has basic power transportation functions, it also pursues more added value, which plays an important supporting role in the realization of smart logistics and smart warehouses.
RFID is a new automatic identification technology that reforms logistics distribution and product tracking management mode after barcode technology. Compared with traditional automatic identification technology, RFID technology has good penetrability, multi-tag long-distance recognition ability, large capacity of identifiable item information, repeated reading and writing, and unique identification information. It is very suitable for application in forklift systems. As an agent of Trimble&ThingMagic, Shenzhen Quanshunhong Technology Co., Ltd. strives to introduce ThingMagic UHF RFID modules, UHF RFID reading and writing equipment, UHF RFID antennas and other high-quality and rich RFID products for Chinese users.
2. System planning and design ideas
The carrier of forklifts to transport goods is mainly based on pallets. The forklift management system using RFID technology consists of an RFID reading system by installing UHF RFID readers, UHF RFID antennas and industrial control computers on the forklift. By using RFID tags on finished pallets, when forklifts equipped with RFID reading systems pick up pallets, they can obtain RFID tag data to confirm cargo information and complete the uninterrupted tracking of finished product information. The precise management of goods in and out of warehouses, goods transfers, and cargo locations provides basic information protection.
2.1 RFID reading system
The RFID reading system composed of industrial computers, RFID readers and RFID antennas is the core part of forklift applications. The schematic diagram is as follows:
2.2 RFID tray
The RFID tray is to install the RFID electronic tag in the tray to complete the binding of the tag and the tray.
2.3 RFID shelf
The RFID shelf is to install the RFID electronic label on the shelf to complete the binding of the label and the shelf.
3. System workflow
After the enterprise warehouse management system (WMS) generates a new warehouse entry or transfer task, it will automatically send the task to the forklift industrial PC that has not performed the task according to the operation of the forklift system. After the forklift worker starts the task, it will follow The forklift PC guides to the designated shelf or warehouse gate to perform the task. In the process of performing the task, the forklift RFID reading system will complete the confirmation of the incoming and outgoing goods or the transfer of goods according to the current task status, and the forklift driver does not need to intervene.
3.1 Warehousing
During the warehousing operation, the operator enters the warehousing data on the WMS, associates the information of the warehousing goods with the pallet, and can decide whether to specify specific cargo location information according to the actual warehousing goods. For the goods with designated cargo location information, the forklift driver forks the pallet cargo to the designated cargo location under the instructions of the forklift industrial PC. When the pallet is ready to be withdrawn, the RFID reading system checks the read cargo location information and the cargo status. The cargo location information specified in the system is compared. If it is correct, it will prompt the completion of the storage, otherwise the forklift driver will be reminded to go to the correct cargo to be put on the shelf.
For goods that do not specify a specific cargo space, the forklift driver can select a suitable cargo space to be put on the shelf according to the idle state of the cargo space. After being put on the shelf, the RFID reading system automatically associates the read cargo location label with the cargo pallet label, and uploads it to the back-end system to complete the goods on the shelf.
3.2 Delivery
During the outbound operation, after the operator sends out the outbound instruction on the WMS, the industrial PC on the forklift will receive related tasks and guide the forklift driver to perform the task of goods out of the warehouse. After the forklift picks up the pallet, the RFID reading system can obtain accurate cargo information through the pallet tag and compare it with the outbound cargo information specified by WMS. If it meets the requirements, it will be allowed to leave the warehouse, otherwise an alarm will be issued.
Outbound and inbound is a process reverse operation.
3.3 Transfer
Transfer is one-time outbound and one-time warehousing completed inside the warehouse, and its general process control follows the warehousing process control principle.
The application of RFID technology in forklifts optimizes business processes and improves work efficiency. It not only ensures safe production, but also reduces the labor force occupied, greatly reducing labor intensity and greatly improving operating efficiency. At the same time, real-time management of warehouse inventory is realized, which reduces business operating costs, and the economic benefits are very significant.
4. Recommended hardware selection
The application of RFID technology in forklifts has strict requirements on RFID equipment, including dust-proof, waterproof, and vibration-proof design, which can adapt to voltage and current fluctuations. The equipment shell must be sturdy, durable, and corrosion-resistant. Temperature adaptability, suitable for operation in all kinds of harsh environments.
ThingMagic-Vega is a vehicle-grade UHF RFID reader, which has passed the automotive industry standard: TS16949, embedded with high-performance ThingMagic M5e UHF RFID module, which meets the requirements of harsh environment operation standards, and is very suitable for deployment in forklifts and Various automotive applications.
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