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1. The introduction of supply chain management system
In the logistics system, with the flow of logistics from the raw material supplier to the final customer (of course, there is also a reverse logistics process), the flow of capital and information is accompanied by it. In the entire supply chain process, accurate identification of goods, services, and supply chain participants—suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, service providers, and various physical locations such as stores and warehouses—is the next step in the effective collection of information The basis of information processing and utilization in the next step is very important.
There are several concepts of trade unit in the supply chain. First, it is divided into consumption unit, storage and transportation unit and freight unit; consumption unit and storage and transportation unit are further divided into quantitative unit and variable unit. Supply chain logistics barcodes are barcodes for trade unit identification developed by EAN (International Article Numbering Association) and UCC (United States Uniform Code Council). The supply chain management system includes commodity barcodes (EAN/UPC) and storage and transportation unit barcodes (ITF). -14), trade unit 128 barcode (UCC/EAN128), location code, etc. Several characteristics of supply chain logistics bar code are: the identification of the trade unit is unique in the world; it is used in the whole process of supply chain management; it can represent a lot of information; the information is variable; it is easy to maintain.
2. Three core information technologies involved in the supply chain management system
1. Identification code (ID code): It is a keyword to describe product information or to obtain other data. Including the identification codes of goods, services, supply chain participants and related locations and assets.
2. Barcode: It is the symbolic representation of ID code, used for non-human reading of ID code and other data.
3. Data communication: The process of electronic exchange of information between various participants, that is, the exchange of data between trading partners, which is what we call EDI.
Among them, the identification code is used to describe product information or as a keyword for obtaining relevant information in other databases, and the barcode is a data carrier used to indicate the identification code. Identification code and barcode are two different things. Barcodes are used to represent identification codes. Supply chain management systems are mainly used for machine identification. From the comparison chart of identification code structure and its bar code symbol representation described later, we can see the identification code Contrast relationship with its bar code symbol.
3. Supply chain management system Regarding the identification code standard system
This standard system mainly provides identification of the following content: trade unit, logistics unit, location/participant (physical, functional or legal entities that require permanent identification, such as a company, or a company’s department, warehouse, etc.), Assets and service relationships.
The application fields of the EAN/UCC system promoted by the International Article Numbering Association worldwide are constantly expanding, including service areas. For example, in the medical and health field, the EAN/UCC system is used in many fields; packaging and transportation fields, and textile fields are also used. There are many; the application in library service relationship management, the identification of customers by insurance companies, and the supply chain management system are actually adopting such a globally unified identification system. The following will introduce in detail the identification of the above five types of content.
1. Identification of the trade unit
(1) Definition of trade unit: A trade unit is a commodity (product or service) that needs to find its preset information and can be priced, ordered or opened at any point in the supply chain. Including a single product and its different types of packaging combinations.
(2) Classification of trade units: physical or non-physical products (such as services); open environment or limited area distribution; quantitative units and variable units; retail and non-retail; books and periodicals; individual commodities and commodity combinations.
(3) The basic principles for the coding of trade units:
Uniqueness: each different trade unit must be assigned a unique global trade unit identification code (GTIN);
Meaningless: Except for variable commodities, the trade unit identification code does not contain any information about the identified unit. Information about trading units should be notified to all trading partners;
Continuity of the supply chain management system: If the identified unit does not change, its identification code remains unchanged.
(4) The structure of the trade unit identification code: The trade unit code structure can be summarized as several structures in the figure below (for details, see the national standard “Commodity Barcode” GB/T12904-1998 and “Chinese Standard Book (ISBN) Part Barcode” GB/T12906-91, these two standards have just been revised. Among them, EAN/UCC-8 is suitable for marking small units, and UCC-12 and UCC-8 are suitable for North America).
(5) Several common barcode symbol formats in logistics:
(6) Correspondence between the structure of the identification code and its bar code symbology:
2. Identification of logistics unit (supply chain management system)
(1) Definition of logistics unit: any type of packaging unit set up for transportation and/or storage, which needs to be managed through the supply chain, such as: pallets, barrels, crates, containers, etc.
(2) Identification of logistics unit: In order to achieve effective tracking and efficient transportation of logistics units, each logistics unit must have a unique identification. Through this logo, all necessary information can be obtained electronically.
(3) Serial freight container code (SSCC): The logistics unit is identified by the serial freight container code (SSCC). Each participant in the supply chain management system can use it to access relevant information in the computer. The combined use of SSCC, EDI and XML, organically connects the flow of information and the flow of goods, which can greatly improve the efficiency of cargo loading, transportation and receiving. SSCC is a meaningless, fixed-length 18-digit code that does not contain classification information. The entire 18-digit code identifies a logistics unit. The SSCC code structure is as follows:
Symbolic representation of SSCC: SSCC is represented by UCC/EAN-128 barcode and must be used together with the application identifier AI00.
(4) Logistics label: The national standard is “Logistic Unit Label” (GB/T 18127-2000).
The design of logistics label is divided into 3 parts:
(a) Supply chain management system·Supplier section:
Contains information determined by the supplier when packaging the product, and can also include information such as product variants, production and packaging dates, and batch numbers.
(b) Customer section of supply chain management system:
Contains information when the supplier processes the order. It can include the place of arrival of the goods, the order number, and the loading and unloading information of the goods.
(c) Supply chain management system·Carrier section:
Contains information that appears when the goods are shipped, especially information related to freight. Such as: the postal code and shipping code of the place of arrival.
The label standard is an open global standard that provides an international solution for companies in the supply chain to identify logistics units or unit groups. The system shipping container code (SSCC) part of the logistics label is mandatory and must be used together with the application identifier “00”. Examples of logistics unit tags:
.Supply Chain Management System·Basic Logistics Unit Label
·Logistic unit labels containing the supplier and carrier sections
·Supplier section logistics unit label containing linked data
·Logistic unit tags containing supplier, customer and carrier sections
(5) Location of labels: A logistics unit usually requires two label identifications, and the two labels are best fixed on two adjacent sides. If the actual situation does not allow, each logistics unit must have at least one label.
·Logistic units with a height of less than 1m:
For cardboard boxes with a height of less than 1m and other types of logistics units, the bottom edge of the SSCC in the label should be 32mm away from the bottom of the logistics unit, and the distance between the label and the vertical edge of the logistics unit should not be less than 19mm. If the logistics unit has already used EAN-13, UPC-A, ITF-14, or trade unit 128 barcode symbols, the label should be affixed next to the above-mentioned barcode, not covering the original barcode, and maintaining a consistent horizontal position.
·Logistic units with a height higher than 1m:
For pallets and other logistics units with a height of more than 1m, the label should be located 400mm to 800mm away from the bottom of the logistics unit or the surface of the pallet, and the distance between the label and the edge of the vertical bottom surface of the logistics unit should be greater than 50mm.
(6) Regarding the application model of the supply chain management system: You can see whether it is fixed data or changing data according to actual needs. If it is fixed data, you can use the EAN/UPC commodity unit code; if it is used in the storage and transportation process, you can use the barcode of a storage and transportation unit such as SCC14. If the information is changing, the SSCC18 bar code can be used to reflect the change at the luggage level, the pallet level or the truck level. The application identifier is then added with relevant information to form this information. The transmission of this information is done through EDI, and of course, it is now also implemented through Internet-based e-commerce.
Barcode is a carrier that carries identification information. The information it carries flows with the item. This information can be collected at any point. After the information is collected, it can also flow up and down the supply chain. This is the commodity in the supply chain. The identification of the unit, as mentioned above, if it is a product with fixed data, the product barcode is used, such as the EAN-13 barcode in the lower left picture: if it is the barcode of the storage and transportation unit, such as the ITF-14 barcode in the upper right picture, it is Adopt the coding standard of storage and transportation unit. If you want to express other more logistics information, you can use UCC/EAN-128 barcode to realize the application identifier.
You can check the relevant national standards. Although barcodes are rarely used in my country’s logistics, in fact it is indeed one of the most widely used fields. Everyone can see logistics labels printed with barcodes on the packaging of goods from abroad.
3. Location code
The location code is a unique and accurate identification of legal entities, functional entities and physical entities in applications such as electronic data exchange and automatic data collection.
The global location code is the key to access fixed data, these data include: participant name, postal address, location type, region, telephone, fax number, contact, etc. The global location code can uniquely identify each participant in the world, and the supply chain management system is the key to effective EDI and barcode applications. Trading partners can exchange EDI messages to specify logistics unit information and physical location signs to realize the effective flow of logistics and information.
The position code coding structure adopts the EAN/UCC-13 code structure, and the symbolic representation adopts the UCC/EAN-128 bar code. For details, see GB/T 15425-94.
4. Identification of assets
The asset code uses the EAN/UCC system for asset identification, which is used to identify and manage recyclable assets or individual assets.
Every company that has an EAN/UCC manufacturer identification code can assign an asset identification code.
(1) Identification of global recyclable assets
Recyclable assets are packaging or transportation equipment with a certain value that can be reused by the supply chain management system, such as beer barrels, cylinders, plastic pallets or crates. The use of EAN/UCC global recoverable asset identifiers enables asset tracking and all relevant data records.
For the management of this kind of assets, because it flows around the world, the supply chain management system must track and manage this kind of assets. It is difficult to do without a global logo. Therefore, the use of the EAN/UCC recoverable asset identifier enables the global tracking of recoverable assets and the recording of all relevant data.
Distribution of global recoverable asset identification:
● The asset identification code is a necessary item: a series of assets of the same kind should be assigned the same asset identification code.
● The serial number is optional: it is assigned by the asset owner and represents a single asset with a given asset type code. This field is alphanumeric.
(2) Identification of a single global asset
●In the EAN/UCC system, a single asset is considered a physical entity with any characteristics.
● A typical application is to record the life cycle of aircraft parts. The entire process of assets can be tracked from the purchase of assets to their decommissioning.
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