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With the development of urban modernization, the intelligentization of buildings, especially the intelligent systems of public buildings, covers more and more content. The starting point of the engineering design of intelligent building systems should be based on the building as a platform to configure various functional systems. People provide an environmental space with reasonable investment, high efficiency, comfort and convenience to meet the needs of current modern architecture. Modern commercial buildings take a high degree of intelligence as their main functional goal, and the building automation system is the embodiment of modern building intelligence. The building automation system is a comprehensive system composed of equipment or systems such as cold and heat sources, air conditioning, ventilation, water supply and drainage, power distribution, lighting, elevators, etc., for the purpose of centralized monitoring, control and management. In order to build an excellent construction equipment monitoring system, three elements are emphatically considered in the design of the system. One is to determine the number of I/O points and point types of the controller serving the equipment or each subsystem, and to confirm the interface technology processing of the number of I/O points; the other is the field instruments, meters, sensors, transmitters and actuators The correct selection and configuration of other components; the third is the configuration of the central operating station and the communication network.
The building equipment monitoring system is a distributed control system designed based on the distributed control theory in modern control theory. It connects the intelligent units distributed in each monitoring site through a central computer to form an advanced and complete integrated monitoring system. To achieve centralized monitoring and control of the electromechanical equipment of the entire building, to ensure that the equipment operates in the best state, and to provide a comfortable, efficient, safe, and energy-saving environment for the building. Therefore, the building automation control system is not only required to be reliable, but also open, flexible, and economical.
1. Design basis
The total construction area of a building is xxxxxxm2, the building height is xxxm, the building has xx floors above ground and x floors underground. It is a comprehensive intelligent building integrating hotel, office, business, entertainment, and guesthouse. Intelligent building systems include: building automation system (BA), security system (SAS), integrated wiring system (GCS), automatic fire alarm system (FAS), vehicle import and export management system, telephone communication system, public address system, cable Television system (CATV), weak current power supply and grounding system, etc.
2. The specific design of each subsystem
1. Building Automation System (BA)
According to statistics from Honeywell in the United States, the total investment in the BA system of large modern buildings generally accounts for about 1-2% of the entire building investment. After the BA system is put into operation, it only takes 2-4 years to recover the investment. Because in BAS, through the intelligent management and optimal control of the air-conditioning system and the control of intelligent lighting, energy can be effectively saved, thereby bringing direct economic benefits to the owner. Due to the realization of automatic equipment monitoring and management, it can reduce some engineering and management personnel, save a lot of personnel expenses for the owner, and overcome some of the shortcomings of manual operation and management, which can reduce the occurrence of accidents and equipment damage. Bring potential economic benefits to owners. At the same time, the realization of the air conditioning terminal temperature setting control can improve the environmental comfort, make the building more competitive in the property market, and bring indirect economic benefits to the owners.
2. Security system (SAS)
The Skynet integrated system is used to integrate the traditional TV monitoring system, anti-theft alarm system, patrol system, entrance and exit management system and other independent systems into an organic whole. In the equipment configuration, follow the “hardware linkage as the main, and software linkage as the supplement.” The principle of “decentralized control and centralized management” is adopted in operation to increase the reliability of the system. The entire security system adopts centralized computer management, taking into account the characteristics of TV monitoring, anti-theft alarm, access control, patrol and other systems to realize the overall defense of the building.
Television monitoring: realize image monitoring for personnel entry and exit passages, parking lots, lobby and office floor passages, elevators, elevator halls. Important places, etc., for effective monitoring and recording. The matrix control host adopts the well-known brand ADl68 matrix, with dual CPU and modular combined structure, and considers the expansion of the system. The use of an integrated embedded hard disk video recorder overcomes the instability such as black screen and crash caused by the hard disk video recorder based on PC or industrial computer. What’s more important is true duplex operation, which means that no matter what the operator performs, the video will never be interrupted.
Alarm system: The alarm signals of important areas can be linked with the TV monitoring system. The system is equipped with the security center computer control software, which associates the alarm points with the programmed electronic map for alarm and various event records.
3. Public address system
The public address system is divided into two parts according to functions. One is a public system facing public areas, such as lobby exhibition halls, hotel front desk service areas, etc., which usually broadcast background music, and can be switched to emergency evacuation broadcast in case of fire or emergency; Broadcast system for office meeting area and garage area.
The design of the public address system mainly considers the following factors: the system method (generally selected pressure type), the division of broadcasting zones, the switch function of the speaker and the amplifier according to the speaker characteristics, the emergency broadcasting switch function, and the broadcasting line.
The building’s broadcasting system is divided into 4 logical partitions (namely hotel, exhibition hall, garage, and office). The principle of determining speakers and amplifiers is to consider the effect of the speakers and determine the amplifiers according to their power. The building is located in the front desk service area and office of the hotel. For the building, 6W speakers with good shape, high frequency response and sound pressure index are selected, 10W horn speakers are used in the garage, and 20W speakers are used in the exhibition hall and lecture hall.
The public address paging system should have dual functions, namely, usual background music or ordinary broadcasting and emergency broadcasting. The emergency broadcast master controller has the highest logic priority. When a fire control trigger signal arrives, the building emergency broadcast master controller switches the corresponding load circuit to the corresponding emergency broadcast circuit by activating the logic control modules of each zone. In normal times, when there is no fire signal, each zone operates independently to switch the corresponding circuit to a normal broadcast circuit, and when there is no normal broadcast control signal, it is in the state of background music or room audio.
4. Satellite receiving and shared antenna receiving system
1) All main rooms are equipped with common TV antenna sockets, all of which can receive satellite broadcasts.
2) Set up satellite receiving antennas and receiving systems (such as Asia No. 1 and Pan Am No. 4) and incorporate them into the shared antenna system.
3) The world’s most real-time satellite information is transmitted to each household’s TV set through the receiving system on the top of the building, and the use of it stays ahead of the international level.
5. Vehicle import and export management system
In modern buildings, the comprehensive management of garages is becoming more and more important. The basement of the podium of the building is a garage, and its underground garage comprehensive management system includes IC card readers, electric railings, vehicle controllers, dynamic computer monitors, etc., which can complete automatic charging, parking space management, anti-theft alarm and other functions.
6. Integrated wiring system and computer room decoration system
As the foundation of intelligent buildings, structured wiring is a wiring system with a new concept to serve all communication and computer equipment in the building to meet current and future wiring requirements.
The structured wiring of the building is divided into 4 subsystems:
(1) Work area subsystem part
Through the wiring box on each floor to the information terminals on the floor. It is composed of 4 pairs of super five twisted pairs and RJ45 terminal sockets. This part has the characteristics of anti-interference, reliability and flexibility.
(2) The main line subsystem
Multi-mode optical cables are used to connect the computer room of the building to the distribution boxes on each floor (that is, the main distribution frame is connected to the distribution frame on each floor). The transmission speed of multi-mode optical cable can reach more than 500MBPS, with enough bandwidth, it can leave enough room for the development of wiring system in the future.
(3) Management subsystem part
It is composed of wiring boxes on each floor. Considering that the maximum distance of the information terminal of the distribution box on each floor does not exceed 100M, the distribution box is installed on each floor (optical cable/twisted pair adapter, hub, twisted pair jumper rack, etc. are installed in the box)
(4) Equipment room subsystem
It is composed of equipment and backbone lines in the computer room.
7. Weak current power supply and lightning protection and grounding system
The weak current power supply system of intelligent buildings must be reliable, stable and interference-free. Among them, the computer and external equipment, fire alarm equipment and communication equipment belong to the first-class electrical equipment load, and adopt dual-power terminal self-cutting power supply. Configure a separate UPS device for the terminal computer equipment.
In the weak current project of the building, the power supply of the automatic fire alarm system and the closed-circuit television monitoring system adopts dual-power terminal self-cutting power supply. The power of the dual power switch cabinet comes from two transformer low-voltage circuits and one diesel generator in the building’s substation and distribution room.
Each system of the building’s weak current project is controlled by an independent power distribution box.
8. Telephone communication system
The telephone communication system of the building is composed of switching equipment, transmission system and terminal equipment. The building adopts 600 program-controlled exchange equipment, and the attendant console has strong functions. Digital program-controlled exchanges can implement many service functions according to different needs, such as system functions, traffic functions and user extension functions.
The telephone room of the building is located on the first floor, including the transmission equipment room, the exchange room and the call room.
The telephone system of the building is incorporated into the integrated wiring system. There are two information sockets in each office and guest room, one for voice and one for data. Various equipment terminal plugs can be inserted into standard information sockets.
9. Computer network system
Building computer network system is one of the most important infrastructures. It connects communication, security, fire alarm, mechanical and electrical equipment automation, parking lot management, property management and office automation, management information system and other subsystem resources to network to realize intelligent building systems The interconnection of the intelligent building establishes the intranet network of the intelligent building, and at the same time, it can provide the access service of the computer network system for the residents of the intelligent building.It can also easily interact withSmart buildingExternal public data networks and information networks (such as the Internet, etc.) are interconnected to provide a network support environment for various services.
The design of the computer network system of the intelligent building includes the software, hardware and security of the computer equipment and the network system. They are the physical basis for the normal function of the entire system; it will realize the sharing of information and provide sufficient information for the majority of computer users. Distribution channels. The network system adopts advanced Internet technology to realize a clear network structure and a balanced network load.
10. Video/audio on demand system (VOD/AOD)
In current TV shows, the audience is passive. The audience can only watch what program the program provider shows, and the program time is also fixed. Video/Audio on demand uses high-speed computer networks to use video data compression and flow control technology to transmit video, sound, data and other signals, and is managed by dedicated video processing software, and played on the client’s multimedia computer A modern computer multimedia system that can provide video-on-demand services to multiple users at the same time. Through the high-speed computer network of the building, it will provide more convenient and better services to all residents. At the same time, the entertainment of the system also provides a foundation for building value-added services.
The system is composed of computer networks LAN, WAN, servers connected to the network, and PC terminals. It mainly includes five parts: media server PS (Program Server), application server AS (Application Server), management workstation MS (Management Server), client, and program production terminal.
11. All-in-one card system
The practical application of the intelligent “One Card” system in the building management system is mainly reflected in the fact that the management department can use the “One Card” system to provide convenient and quick service functions, using familiar windows, mouse and keyboard operations. Based on the principle of providing users with comfort, safety, convenience and speed, it uses multimedia monitoring, a friendly interface, and provides a wealth of information conveniently and accurately, helping and prompting operators to operate, easy to learn and use, and to ensure that operators at different levels and related The leader is proficient in operating the system. It can flexibly and strictly control the important entrances and exits in the building, and can have a series of management information such as the entry and exit records and consumption of each cardholder. The building uses an intelligent “all-in-one card” management system, which can integrate electronic documents and electronic wallets. It is convenient for cardholders and facilitates the operation of the new management model.
The “all-in-one card” that the system wants to realize is one card with multiple functions. The same IC card can be used for business activities such as attendance, electronic consumption, and data borrowing in addition to opening doors. The system has good scalability. The software and hardware of the “all-in-one card” system adopt a modular structure. It is very convenient to determine the number of system function modules, software upgrades, and hardware expansions according to the user’s economic strength.
Concluding remarks
With the rapid development of intelligent buildings, building integrated management systems have been more and more integrated into people’s daily lives, and design concepts and system functions have also been continuously revised and improved in applications. This solution is based on the design principle of “integration on demand” The following system summarizes the various interfaces and linkages in the integrated management system. Through the collection, analysis, transmission and processing of resources, the entire building can be optimally controlled and decided to achieve high efficiency, economy, energy saving, and coordinated operation. Finally, it is combined with architectural art to create a comfortable, warm and safe working environment.
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