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NFC (Near Field Communication) is a technology for short-distance wireless communication. It combines near-field communication technology and mobile communication technology to realize electronic payment, identity authentication, ticketing, data exchange, anti-counterfeiting, advertising, etc. Function is a new type of business in the field of mobile communications. Near-field communication services have changed the way users use mobile phones, making users’ consumption behavior gradually electronic, and establishing a new type of user consumption and business model. This article introduces the main technical features of NFC, the block diagram of the Nexperia mobile phone system solution and software architecture, and the “Near Field Communication Service” of China Unicom.
NFC (Near Field Communication) evolved from the integration of non-contact radio frequency identification (RFID) and interconnection technologies. It is a technology for short-range wireless communication and was jointly developed by Sony and Philips. In 2002, NFC was approved as the ISO/IEC IS 18092 international standard, and has since been approved as the EMCA-340 standard and the ETSI TS 102 190 standard. The NFC standard is compatible with ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 15693 contactless IC cards. In other words, the NFC standard is compatible with Philip’s MIFARER and SONY’s FeliCa standards. Philips is already the industry leader in contactless IC cards. Its Mifare chip card technology is widely used in several large-scale transportation systems in the world, as well as financial services such as VISA credit cards.
And Sony’s FeliCa chip card technology has a very high market share in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Singapore, and Japan, and it is mainly used in transportation and financial institutions. Since NFC covers these two technologies, it is compatible with Sony’s FeliCa and Philips’ Mifare specifications. The fusion of the two technologies will expand the application range of non-contact IC cards. Therefore, NFC technology can be said to be an extension of RFID technology. Speaking of RFID technology, you may shook your head and say you have never heard of it. In fact, it has been widely used in our lives. Urban bus systems, university water cards, meal cards, and hotel access control are all manifestations of RFID technology. At present, the largest RFID chip supplier NXP (that is, Philips Semiconductors) has sold a total of 6 billion chips, firmly occupying a leading position in the market. However, RFID can only read and determine information, while NFC technology emphasizes information interaction. In layman’s terms, NFC is an evolved version of RFID, and both parties can exchange information at close range.
The near field communication service combines near field communication technology and mobile communication technology to realize multiple functions such as electronic payment, identity authentication, ticketing, data exchange, anti-counterfeiting, and advertising. It is a new type of service in the field of mobile communication.
Near-field communication services have changed the way users use mobile phones, making users’ consumption behavior gradually electronic, and establishing a new type of user consumption and business model.
At present, the industry is generally optimistic about NFC technology. The most important thing is that this technology has good encryption performance, so it is suitable for bank micropayments and transfers. In addition, through NFC mobile phones, people can connect with the entertainment services and transactions they hope to get at any place, any time, and through any device, so as to complete payment and obtain poster information. This will also have a profound effect on the future advertising industry. Influence. Advertisers can transmit the poster information to the user’s handheld device through NFC to achieve the purpose of publicity, and consumers can also obtain preferential information from merchants in this way.
Business characteristics Near field communication is a short-range wireless communication technology developed based on RFID technology. Like RFID, near-field communication information is also transmitted through electromagnetic induction coupling in the wireless frequency part of the spectrum, but there is still a big difference between the two. The transmission range of near field communication is smaller than that of RFID. The transmission range of RFID can reach 0~1m. However, due to the unique signal attenuation technology adopted by near field communication, near field communication has low cost, high bandwidth and energy consumption compared with RFID. Low-level characteristics. RFID is more used in production, logistics, tracking, and asset management, while near field communication plays a huge role in fields such as access control, public transportation, and mobile payment.
The main features of near field communication technology are as follows:
(1) Wireless communication technology used for short-distance (within 10cm) secure communication.
(2) Radio frequency: 13.56MHz. (3) Radio frequency compatibility: ISO 14443, ISO 15693, Felica standards.
(4) Data transmission speed: 106kbit/s, 212 kbit/s, 424kbit/s. From the above characteristics, it can be seen that the near field communication technology is mainly based on the radio frequency technology operating at the frequency of 13.56MHz. The typical operating distance is only a few centimeters, and the operating distance range is only a few centimeters. Within 10cm, the data transmission speed can be selected from 106kbit/s, 212kbit/s or 424kbit/s, which can be increased to about 1Mbit/s in the future.
Near field communication technology is a standard jointly developed by Nokia, Philips and Sony. It promotes standardization under the framework of ISO 18092, ECMA 340 and ETSI TS 102 190. It is also compatible with the widely used ISO 14443 Type-A, B and Felica standards. The infrastructure of a smart card. The near field communication standard specifies in detail the modulation scheme, coding, transmission speed and frame format of the RF interface of the near field communication device, as well as the initialization scheme and conditions required for data conflict control during the initialization process of the active and passive near field communication modes, and also defines The transmission protocol includes protocol activation and data exchange methods.
Business mode Near field communication service supports three working modes.
Card simulation mode
The mobile station can be simulated as an ordinary contactless card, such as mobile payment, mobile ticketing, identity recognition, etc.
Application examples: The non-contact mobile station simulates a bank card, access card, electronic ticket, etc., and the non-contact mobile station interacts with other terminals.
Reader mode
The mobile station can read the contents of a contactless card or a contactless label, such as virtual bookmarks, advertisements, etc.
Application examples: such as electronic posters. In this application, the non-contact mobile station interacts with the non-contact module embedded in the poster, and the mobile station actively reads the corresponding data in the card or tag.
Point-to-point communication mode
Two mobile stations can directly transmit data to each other within a short distance, such as synchronizing schedules, games, and sharing transmission content.
Application example: Two non-contact mobile stations transfer or synchronize data, such as pictures, music, ringtones, etc.
Like RFID, NFC information is also transmitted through electromagnetic induction coupling in the wireless frequency part of the spectrum, but there is still a big difference between the two. The transmission range of NFC is smaller than that of RFID, and the transmission range of RFID can reach 0-1 meters. However, due to the unique signal attenuation technology adopted by NFC, compared with RFID, NFC has the characteristics of low cost, high bandwidth, and low energy consumption. RFID is more used in production, logistics, tracking, and asset management, while NFC plays a huge role in fields such as access control, public transportation, and mobile payment.
Unlike RFID, NFC has the characteristics of two-way connection and identification, works in the 13.56MHz frequency range, and has an operating distance of about 10 cm. NFC technology promotes standardization under the framework of ISO 18092, ECMA340 and ETSI TS 102 190. It is also compatible with the widely used ISO14443 Type-A, B and Felica standard contactless smart card infrastructure. The NFC chip is installed on the mobile phone, and the mobile phone can realize small electronic payment and read the information of other NFC devices or tags. The short-distance interaction of NFC greatly simplifies the entire authentication and identification process, and makes mutual access between electronic devices more direct, safer and clearer. Through NFC, multiple devices such as computers, digital cameras, mobile phones, PDAs, etc. can be wirelessly connected conveniently and quickly to realize data exchange and services.
Comparison of NFC technology and Bluetooth and infrared technology A brief comparison of these three technologies is as follows:
Compared with the other two technologies, NFC has the advantages of natural security and multiple modes (compared to IC cards). In addition to being compatible with RFID, it may also be able to communicate with Bluetooth devices.
NFC mobile phone solution In this solution, the NFC function chip and antenna are independent of the other parts of the mobile phone and the SIM card, but the NFC module shares the battery with the mobile phone. When the battery is charged, the NFC module can work in three modes: active, passive, and bidirectional; when the battery is powered off, it can only work in passive mode, which is equivalent to a normal all-in-one card. Turning on and off the mobile phone has no effect on the NFC module, that is, the NFC function can be used even when the mobile phone is turned off. There are two ways to achieve this: one is to customize the mobile phone and integrate the antenna on the battery or motherboard of the mobile phone to integrate the NFC application with the mobile phone and work stably and reliably, but the mobile phone needs to be replaced; the other is to directly connect the antenna to the NFC chip, and then It is placed close to the battery between the battery and the back cover of the mobile phone, and the user does not need to replace the mobile phone. This method was adopted in the Xiamen test project. The disadvantage of this solution is that the reliability of the antenna connection is not high; in addition, there are special requirements for the internal size of the mobile phone, and the increase of the antenna affects the portability of the mobile phone. The NFC module of this solution cannot communicate with the processor or SIM card of the mobile phone, and users and telecom operators cannot control the NFC module through the mobile phone. This will result in separate contact between credit card issuers and mobile phone manufacturers, completely departing from the market structure of telecom operators. On the other hand, if you want to link the information sent and received by the NFC module with the cellular network, an interface must be established between the NFC module and the mobile phone baseband chip, and the design of each layer must bypass the operator’s control, and it is impossible to directly read and write the SIM. Card, software and hardware design will become very complicated. The advantage of this scheme is that it has good card compatibility with different technologies and different credit card issuers. There have been many cases around the world, and the application technology is relatively mature, which is more suitable for projects in the pilot period. Nokia’s 6131 mobile phone is based on this.
Figure 1a. NFC solution with USIM card security function
Figure 1b. Nexperia mobile phone system solution from NXP
Figure 1c. Mobile phone system software implementation block diagram
Figure 1d.Mobile NFC payment diagram
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