Brief introduction and development status analysis of Internet of things related technologies
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1 Introduction
At the World Summit on the Information Society on November 17, 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) proposed the concept of “Internet of Things”. The Internet of Things uses sensors, network communications, and radio frequency technology ( RFID) and other sensing devices are connected to communicate with each other and replace information to achieve the goal of identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management capabilities. In 2005, the ITU once drew a scene in the “Internet of Things” era: When a work clerk made a mistake in operating the computer, the computer would automatically prompt: When traveling on business and forgetting to bring important documents, the briefcase would automatically remind the owner; fresh food When put in the refrigerator, the refrigerator will automatically “remind” the temperature requirements and so on.
1.1 The development status of the Internet of Things
The development of the Internet of Things has been identified as the core of each country’s strategy. Among many countries, the United States, in particular, attaches great importance to the strategic position of the Internet of Things. The National Intelligence Committee (National Intelligence Committee) issued a related report stating that the Internet of Things should be regarded as one of the six key technologies. Sensor network is not only a “critical technology in both national defense and economic aspects”, but also a “smart planet” as the key plan, which has been improved at the national level.
Figure 1 Conceptual model of the Internet of Things
1.2 The development history of the Internet of Things
1.2.1 Concept Proposal Period
14 years ago, American institutions of higher learning first proposed the definition of the Internet of Things: the use of radio frequency technology, communication technology or other sensing equipment to connect all objects and things with the Internet to achieve the management and identification of the Internet of Things, which is behind the computer and the Internet. The trend of the new technology industry may even surpass the role of the Internet.
1.2.2 Formal submission period
In 2005, the annual report of the Social World Summit pointed out that the International Telecommunication Union gave a profound explanation of the in-depth meaning of the definition of the Internet of Things. The goal of communication network technology was to connect to people from all the time and everywhere, but now it can progress to be connected to all objects. The connection between them forms the Internet of Things.
1.2.3 Technical research and test period
Many countries in the world are now preparing to invest huge amounts of money to explore and research the Internet of Things, and they have also opened up the “Smart Earth”, “Sense China”, “U-Japan”, “U-Korea” and other countries based on the Internet of Things. And regional strategic plans. The industry of complete and mature network technology, information management and sensor technology is entering the application trial settlement.
2 Key Technologies of the Internet of Things
2.1 Radio frequency identification technology
Radio frequency identification technology is a combination of the following aspects. First, it is an object that is identified on a certain thing, which is a tag; second, a reader, which reads or writes information attached to the tag, can be Static or dynamic; third, the antenna is used for signal transmission between the reader and the tag. In daily life applications, the matching of related software and hardware is required.
Radio frequency identification technology uses superior conditions to promote human management and automatic identification of things (facilities, etc.) in a static or dynamic state. The difficult issues involved in the development of this technology are: how to choose the best working frequency and protect confidentiality.
2.2 Sensor technology
Valuable information requires not only radio frequency identification technology, but also sensor technology. The Internet of Things is often in a natural environment, and the sensors will be tested by the harsh environment. Therefore, the requirements for sensor technology will be stricter and more demanding.
Sensors can collect a large amount of information, and it is an indispensable means of information acquisition for many equipment and information systems. Without the detection, alternation and capture of the initial information by the sensor, all control and testing cannot be achieved. Even the most advanced computer, without information and reliable data, cannot effectively perform the role of the sensor itself. The breakthrough and development of sensor technology has three aspects: networking, sensing information, and intelligence.
2.3 Network communication technology
Network communication technology includes many important technologies, of which M2M technology is the most critical. This technology has a wide range of applications and can not only be connected with long-distance but also short-distance technologies. The current M2M technology takes machine-to-machine communication as the core, and it is what professionals will strive to achieve in the future for industries such as architecture, aerospace, medicine, and agriculture.
2.4 Cloud computing
Cloud computing is the product of fusion of some related network technologies and computers. It uses the information calculated by distributed computers and the operation data center is changed to be similar to the Internet, so that resources can be used in useful technologies, and necessary consultations are made for storage systems and computers. The purpose is to carry out low-cost processing and integration of various consumption into a fully functional entity, and it can also use MSP, SAAS and other modes to distribute and calculate to end users. Cloud computing focuses on strengthening and improving its processing capabilities, and the burden on user terminals is correspondingly reduced, I/O equipment can also be simplified, and its computing functions can be reasonably enjoyed and used. For example, search functions such as Baidu are one of its applications.
3 Application areas of the Internet of Things
3.1 Smart home
In the daily life of the family, the rapid development of the Internet of Things enables people to live in a more convenient and comfortable environment. People can use the wireless mechanism to operate the operating status of a large number of electrical appliances, and can also realize functions such as quickly locating the location of family members. Therefore, the use of the Internet of Things can control and manage family life.
3.2 Smart Medical
In the field of medical and health. The Internet of Things uses sensors and mobile devices to capture the physiological state of living beings. Such as heart rate, physical exertion, glucose intake, blood pressure and other vital indicators. Record them in the electronic health file. It is convenient for individuals or doctors to check. It can also monitor the health of the human body and send the detected data to the communication terminal, which can save medical expenses and make people’s lives easier.
3.3 Smart power
In the field of power safety inspection, the Internet of Things is applied in various links of power transmission, such as tunnels and nuclear power plants. In these links, funds may reach a huge scale of 100 billion yuan, such as the close cooperation between China Southern Power Grid and China Mobile. , Manage the power grid through M2M technology. In the field of distribution transformer monitoring for major customers, the automated metering system has begun to start, which has doubled the time for fault evaluation and processing by China Southern Power Grid and China Mobile.
3.4 Intelligent Transportation
Take image recognition technology as the core. Comprehensive use of radio frequency technology, tags and other means to automatically collect and transmit data such as traffic flow, driving violations, driving routes, brand information, road occupancy rate, driving speed, etc., and the corresponding system will summarize and classify the collected information , And use the recognition and control capabilities to analyze and process, identify and quickly dispose of motor vehicle license plates and other high-end vehicles, and provide detailed data for the detection of traffic incidents. The formation of this system will bring great convenience to the field of intelligent transportation.
3.5 Smart Agriculture
In the agricultural field, the application of the Internet of Things is very extensive, such as surface temperature detection, poultry living conditions, crop irrigation monitoring, soil pH changes, precipitation, air, wind, nitrogen concentration, soil acidity and alkalinity, and land humidity Etc., to carry out reasonable scientific estimates, to provide farmers with great help in disaster reduction, disaster prevention, scientific planting, etc., and to improve the comprehensive agricultural benefits.
3.6 Military applications
In today’s era, wars in various countries tend to be informatized. The goal of combat requirements is to “see clearly, react quickly, and fight accurately.” Only the party that has the upper hand in the acquisition, transmission, and processing of information can gain the initiative in the war. With its own advantages, the Internet of Things can obtain effective military information in various situations. Micro-sensor nodes are automatically networked in the battlefield, ingest and transmit battlefield information, and provide indispensable intelligence support for victory.
4 Problems in the development of domestic Internet of Things
4.1 Lack of unified technical standards
Although China established the RFID industry alliance as early as November 2005, the country still has not issued a technology standard for the Internet of Things due to various interests. There are only industry standards in electronic payment, smart home and other industries, and incompatibility will occur when used across networks. To make the Internet of Things business a strategic industry in China, relevant departments should step up discussions to form a cross-industry Internet of Things standard system.
4.2 The business development model is not yet mature
In order to accelerate the development of the Internet of Things, a suitable development model must be selected. At present, there are mainly three modes selected by various industries: vertical application mode, industry common platform mode and public service mode. The three models have their own advantages and disadvantages, and a suitable sustainable business model should be established as soon as possible.
4.3 Urgent need to master core technology
At present, China has not yet obtained the right to speak in the field of Internet of Things product development, and has not made breakthroughs in core technology research and development. As a result, the core components of IoT products are controlled by others, and the prices remain high. The country should introduce relevant policies as soon as possible, and major companies will invest more energy and funds in technological research and development, and promote the establishment of a national management platform for the Internet of Things industry to reduce operating costs.
5 suggestions
The popularity and rapid development of the Internet of Things have brought rare opportunities to the society, but the realization of the Internet of Things is not just a technical issue. The process of building the Internet of Things will involve many issues in planning, management, coordination, and cooperation. It also involves technical standards and security issues, which require the formulation and improvement of a series of corresponding supporting policies. In the future, the development of the Internet of Things industry should be guided by industry applications. With the continuous maturity of application solutions, the concentration of enterprises, and the continuous integration and improvement of technology, a relatively complete industry chain of the Internet of Things will be gradually formed.With the line
The gradual maturity of industry applications, the gradual improvement of the application process, the gradual formation of industry standards, and the gradual evolution of the Internet of Things standard system, which in turn promotes the establishment of a highly versatile Internet of Things technology platform.
Article source: “UBIQUE Company Internal Journal” Author: Zhao Houcheng, the third workshop of UBIQUE Manufacturing Department. Welcome to reprint, please indicate the source.
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