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1. System overview
This program introduces the design of warehouse RFID electronic tags for automatic identification of intelligent inventory, focusing on the overall layout of the system, system composition, technical indicators, working principles and processes. In the system design, full consideration has been given to the reliability of RFID equipment working 24 hours a day, the personalized design of electronic label installation methods, data security, equipment cost performance, system advancement, scalability, and on-site installation methods.
1.1 Necessity and significance of the project
With the development of modern logistics construction, computer information technology, automation technology and other emerging technologies are increasingly used in logistics warehouse management. A considerable number of enterprises’ warehouse management have begun to use warehouse management systems (WMS, Warehouse Management System) and Use barcode labels for automatic identification. RFID technology, as a new generation of identification technology after bar code technology, has the characteristics of fast scanning, barrier-free reading, reusable, large capacity, and high security, which is profoundly affecting logistics and warehousing management, with the help of its fast, real-time and accurate The collection and processing of information can realize standardized and efficient operation of logistics warehouses. RFID electronic tag is an automatic identification system. It automatically recognizes targets and collects data through non-contact radio frequency signals. It can identify high-speed moving targets and can identify multiple targets at the same time. It does not require manual intervention, is quick and convenient to operate, and can adapt to various harsh conditions. surroundings. Regardless of whether the materials are in any link of procurement, warehousing, production, packaging, loading and unloading, transportation, processing, distribution, etc., the management personnel of each department can grasp its information and status in real time. RFID can collect and exchange data between the reader and the electronic tag at a very fast speed; it has the ability of intelligent reading and writing and encrypted communication, a unique password in the world, and strong information confidentiality. This requires accurate, fast, and accurate information for logistics. Safe and controllable provide a practical and feasible technical approach.
1.2 Design goals
1) When the finished product comes out from the factory, the electronic label is affixed to each item after vacuum packaging, and the factory time, variety, color, kilogram number, quality inspector number and other relevant data are entered.
2) Every time the dyeing factory delivers to the warehouse, it can automatically count the warehousing, and the computer database can automatically record the warehousing time, variety, color, kilogram number, and unloading work number.
3) When each item is put into the warehouse, the shelf number placed is automatically entered into the computer database, and each item is accurately located.
4) When the customer places an order, the front desk can place an order based on the actual inventory number, and can accurately tell the customer which variety and color are in stock. If there is no stock, it can be converted into a potential order, and the delivery time can be arranged according to the production plan of the dyeing factory.
5) When the customer confirms the type, quantity and color of the order, the sales invoice can be automatically printed out in the computer system of the financial department. The sales invoice can be automatically calculated based on the number of shipments, the number of kilograms, and the unit price. And automatically indicate the location of the outgoing cloth strips, and instruct the pickers to pick the goods.
6) When the goods are picked, if the quantity, variety, or color are wrong, an alarm can be automatically notified when the goods are shipped.
7) For each shipment, as long as you pass the security gate, the computer system automatically enters the shipment quantity, variety, color, and job number of the shipping worker.
8) After the goods are shipped, the computer database system will automatically subtract the number of shipments, and the actual inventory can be checked every moment.
9) When checking the inventory, the computer system can automatically find out each type, color, quantity, and kilogram details. When the storage time exceeds how many days, the computer system can automatically give an alarm. When the inventory number is less than how many, it can also automatically prompt.
10) Set permissions for the shipper each time it is shipped, and those who do not have the permission cannot ship.
11) The mobile card reader can review every car that is ready for shipment, and it is consistent with the sales invoice data before it can be released for shipment.
2. System principle
Radio frequency identification technology is a new technology that is developing rapidly internationally. The basic idea of this technology is to realize people’s automatic recognition and management of various objects or equipment (personnel, articles) in different states (mobile, static or harsh environment) through radio technology. The reader emits electromagnetic waves to the space, and an electromagnetic field with a certain beam shape is formed around the tag. The tag obtains energy from the electromagnetic field and reflects the microwave with the tag code information to the reader. The reader demodulates the echo signal. Decode and transfer the relevant information to the PLC or computer, and the computer can process the data for management control. As shown in Figure 1.
Three, system composition
3.1 System composition
This intelligent warehouse management system is mainly composed of three parts, which are: RFID automatic identification system, network system, and software management system.
3.2 Introduction to main equipment
Reader: Transmit microwave signals and receive echo signals returned by electronic tags, and demodulate and decode the echo signals. It consists of three parts: RF module, control module, and transmission module. The transmission module realizes the connection and communication function between the reader and the control computer or PLC. The reader has the characteristics of long-term stable work and strong anti-interference ability of frequency hopping work. RFID UHF reader: mobile reader, suitable for applications where the operating location is not fixed, and the method of use is similar to a barcode reader.
Series of electronic tags: mainly composed of chips, microstrip antennas, and ABS engineering plastic shells. Information that can identify the target is stored in the chip, and the reader can write relevant information into the chip. In order to keep the target object’s information can be updated at any time. Metal electronic tags are specially designed for metal media. In addition to having better reading performance, they also have the characteristics of flexible installation and disassembly.
SRA-900 series antenna: It is designed for automatic identification of special logistics. It is mainly composed of an antenna oscillator and a closed shell. It is an energy conversion device. On the one hand, it emits the microwaves emitted by the SRR-915 reader to the space to activate the electronic tag. On the other hand, it accepts the echo signal returned by the metal electronic tag and sends it back to the reader for decoding. The antenna has the characteristics of good reading direction, small size and convenient installation.
Four, system design
4.1 System workflow:
4.1.1 Warehousing
1) After receiving the instruction from the management center, the warehouse manager enters the warehousing system;
2) Start batch data collection and input (large items are entered with a fixed read-write system, and small items and single items are entered with a portable read-write system);
3) Stack items according to the designated location number of the system;
4) Upload the data to the management center and exit the system.
4.1.2 Delivery
1) After receiving the instruction from the management center, the warehouse manager enters the outbound system;
2) Start batch data collection and input (large items are entered with a fixed read-write system, and small items and single items are entered with a portable read-write system);
3) Upload the data to the management center and exit the system.
Five, the application of RFID in intelligent logistics warehousing management
5.1 The level of RFID application
The application level of RFID is divided into the following levels:
1) Item level (ITEM LEVEL), each item has an RFID tag attached and a unique number is recorded;
2) CASE LEVEL, each shelf in the warehouse has RFID tags, reflecting the information such as the code and quantity of the items in the shelf.
5.2 Application of RFID
The application objects of RFID in logistics warehousing include articles, surrounding appliances, storage shelves and handling equipment, etc., which can be selectively implemented according to the specific characteristics of the logistics warehousing business.
In order to achieve the company’s system design goals, the main application links of RFID in logistics and warehousing operations are:
1) Warehousing operations: use RFID technology for automatic identification of goods, calculation and guidance of shelf routes, verification and tracking of shelf positions, automatic registration of surrounding appliances, positioning, tracking, and navigation of handling equipment, and The peripheral system combines automatic printing of documents and automatic release of related information.
2) Outgoing operations: automatic identification and verification of picking goods, positions and quantities, execution monitoring and task redistribution, loading instructions and tracking verification, automatic outgoing registration of surrounding appliances, and through the peripheral system Carry out automatic printing of documents and release of related information.
3) Inventory: Inventory location guidance and in-place inspection (especially the high location of the three-dimensional storage location), automatic identification of goods and cargo locations, and automatic verification of quantities.
Appendix 1 The difference between electronic label and barcode
Compared with barcode recognition technology, electronic tags have the following advantages:
1. Fast scanning Electronic labels can be scanned in batches, 50 sheets per second can be read, and only one barcode can be scanned at a time.
2. The electronic label has a globally unique ID number, which can distinguish goods one by one, and the barcode can only be used for class identification.
3. The electronic label is readable and writable, and the goods information (manufacturing plant, production date, delivery time, destination, etc.) can be written into the electronic label according to the needs. The barcode can only be read.
4. Anti-pollution ability and durability The traditional barcode carrier is paper, so it is susceptible to pollution, but electronic tags are highly resistant to water, oil, chemicals and other substances. In addition, because the barcode is attached to the plastic bag or the outer packaging carton, it is particularly vulnerable to breakage; RFID label stores the data in the chip, so it can be protected from contamination.
5. Reusable Nowadays barcodes cannot be changed after they are printed. Electronic labels can be repeatedly added, modified, and deleted data stored in the label, which can be reused 100,000 times.
6. Penetration and non-barrier reading. When covered, the electronic tag can penetrate non-metal or non-transparent materials such as paper, wood and plastic, and can perform penetrating communication. The barcode scanner must be at a close distance and there is no object blocking the situation before it can read the barcode.
7. The data storage capacity is large, and the maximum capacity of the electronic tag is 128 bytes. With the development of memory carriers, the data capacity also has a trend of continuous expansion. In the future, the amount of data that items need to carry will become larger and larger, and the demand for the expansion of the capacity of the label will also increase accordingly.
8. Security Since RFID carries electronic information, its data content can be protected by a password, so that its content is not easy to be forged and altered. In recent years, RFID has attracted attention due to its long-distance reading and high storage capacity. It can not only help an enterprise greatly improve the efficiency of goods and information management, but also connect sales companies and manufacturing companies to more accurately receive feedback information, control demand information, and optimize the entire supply chain.
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