Application of Intelligent Transportation System Technology in Container Transport
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Road transportation, especially road freight, has a greater impact on the environment, which makes people quite divergent on their views. Therefore, freight logistics must find a solution that can optimize the overall transportation process. For the overall transportation chain, optimization means not only external optimization, such as preventing empty loads and better full load of goods, but also internal optimization, such as more efficient personnel and transfer tools input, and higher site utilization.
A new solution is the freight intelligent transportation system. The intelligent transportation system of container transfer is produced under this background. A study by the Fraunhofer Institute for Material Circulation and Logistics in Dortmund realized the idea of electronic dispatch of cargo transportation. A systematic and integrated dispatching station unifies the various applications of the storage and loading process, and collects information through intelligent transportation system services, so as to provide the dispatch supervisor with the latest order, vehicle and traffic status data at any time. Entrusted by the German Logistics Association based in Dortmund, the Cologne Industrial Research Federation has begun to promote the implementation of the “Electronic Dispatcher Plan for the Detailed Planning of Freight Forwarding Process”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs.
The concept of intelligent transportation system encompasses the organic connection between the communication and information industries. Its meaning is the standardized electronic exchange of data between systems with spatial distance and the processing of these data through special hardware and software. The current freight intelligent transportation system includes mobile information systems such as a computer on a truck, a positioning system, a single piece of cargo and a means of transport identification system, and a communication system.
Mobile Information System
In order to incorporate moving vehicles into the information chain in operation, a mobile information system is required, which forms a unified whole with the central ground information system of the enterprise. Confirmed contract data, route data, vehicle data, and driving data are all collected for storage, exchange, and processing. So far, the computers and portable computers installed on the vehicles have mainly been used to incorporate freight vehicles into the information chain.
GPS
Knowing the location of the vehicle can help the staff of the freight company to arrange the short-term pick-up and arrival time of the vehicle. In addition, vehicle location is also an auxiliary means to search for stolen vehicles, which is of particular importance for the transportation of valuable goods.
recognition system
With the help of the electronic identification system, the goods in transportation can be distinguished by a number and special information, and the time and place they pass during the transportation can be tracked and monitored. Since the system is incorporated into a higher-level information system, they can also be linked with other information. Therefore, identification systems are increasingly used to control the transportation, transshipment, consignment and storage processes in logistics through manual operations.
Communication system
In the transportation network, data is increasingly exchanged through remote data transmission. If you use a standardized data structure such as EDIFACT, standardized delivery procedures and unified interfaces, that is, EDI solutions, you can make data universally applicable, speed up information processes, reduce manual input error rates, reduce paper requirements, and make data easy to verify, etc. . Recently, the Internet has been increasingly used in data communications for freight companies. Using the Internet as a data exchange can enable freight companies to transmit manifests on the Internet. The use of the Internet to exchange data can reduce the cost of communication.
Consolidated cargo transportation chain
Consolidated freight refers to the storage and packing of multiple pieces of goods from multiple customers for unified transportation.
Compared with the direct transportation of bulk cargo to various customers, container transportation is more economical. However, this method requires the formation of a multi-linked and closely connected transportation chain, including:
. Concentration process of regional goods near the carrier
.Transfer to the branch at the place of shipment
.The process of long-distance transportation to the receiving branch
.The process of distributing goods
The Organizational Structure of Freight Company under Integrated Scheduling
In order to improve the efficiency of transshipment, some organizational measures should be taken, such as improving transshipment planning and monitoring through more effective personnel input, optimizing the loading sequence or accelerating the information process, so as to make the freight process more compact and the distribution of containerized goods more uniform. And shorten the waiting time.
The containerized freight service uses an electronic dispatching station specially designed for the transshipment of containerized goods and supported by information technology. This electronic dispatching station is divided into three levels: the administrative layer, the dispatching layer, and the executive layer.
Multiple dispatchers can use the dispatching console at the same time. For this reason, the telematics system of the dispatching console consists of a customer-dispatcher structure, which is equipped with computers according to the number of jobs and at the same time is equipped with a central data storage in the local freight network. The information chain consisting of remote data transmission, main computer, and local freight network directly connects to the transshipment warehouse, and communicates with the transport vehicles, so that the cargo and transport conditions, land occupation, population, waiting locations, parking lots, and personnel and transshipment conditions are clear at a glance. The scheduling process is divided into arrival time prediction, sequence arrangement, entrance arrangement, waiting position and parking position arrangement, personnel and transfer tool arrangement, and loading and unloading list.
Loading and unloading sequence arrangement
In order to determine the order of loading and unloading and the start time of loading and unloading, each transport vehicle is assigned a “priority value”. Vehicles with high priority can be loaded and unloaded first. Several important criteria for setting priority values are: 1) Loading and unloading time-vehicles with a long loading and unloading time have priority; 2) Arrival time-vehicles that must be loaded immediately or have been loaded have priority, that is, follow the “first come first to receive service” “Principle; 3) The quantity of urgently needed goods-vehicles with more urgently needed goods are preferred.
However, there are still some difficulties in calculating the priority value method, including:
.How to estimate the influence of input data on priority value
.The input data often has no clear boundaries
. Can not clearly input the interaction between the data
Electronic arrangement card
Electronic arrangement board, showing arrival time forecast, sequence arrangement, entrance arrangement, etc. There is a column that displays the current time, and divides the existing entrances into several lines, showing the loading and unloading plan of each entrance and the loading and unloading work in progress. On the arrangement board, each vehicle also has a place, which not only shows its transportation status, distinguishes whether it is a heavy-duty truck or a large trailer, but also indicates a priority value. The order and entrance arrangement on the electronic arrangement board can be changed directly by the dispatcher.
Optimization possibilities
The potential optimization possibilities brought by the electronic freight dispatching console for enterprises are divided into two types: quantifiable and non-quantifiable. The quantifiable potential optimization possibilities refer to various measures for carefully arranging the transshipment process. These measures will bring economic benefits to transportation companies through characteristic parameters. Unquantifiable or qualitative potential optimization possibilities refer to the indirect benefits obtained by the enterprise. Such benefits cannot be expressed and calculated by characteristic parameters in the quantifiable potential optimization possibilities.
Cargo tracking alone has huge potential for cost reduction. Assuming that an average of 3%-5% of the goods are sent to the wrong place, and the cost of tracking the wrongly sent goods is 100 marks, then 3000 shipments per day in 250 working days will cost 2.25 million only for cargo tracking. To 3.75 million marks.
The introduction and use of an electronic dispatching station that can carefully arrange the transfer process, the potential for quality optimization and the resulting benefits to transportation companies are huge.
The rapid transmission of information-the transmission of information precedes the circulation of goods-improves the possibility of arranging plans through various modes of transportation. Avoid the long waiting time that is common due to the inconsistent transportation methods.
Enterprises communicate through the EDI system to reduce the cost of processing transactions, thus reducing the cost of transportation preparation and after-treatment work.
The manifest data is converted into a standardized form through EDI, so that the manually entered data enters all the electronic data processing devices of the enterprise, so that conversion errors can be avoided. Its completeness is easy to check. In this way, customers and vehicles (because of incomplete data or errors) do not have to wait for a long time when processing business.
Sometimes, the qualitative benefits that customers receive are also quantitative benefits for the company. Avoiding sending errors and improving customer service will inevitably result in a steady stream of orders.
The cargo tracking program allows delivery companies, logistics service providers and consignees to respond quickly and flexibly, especially when shipping goods that are urgently needed for production. This program allows customers to place high demands on transportation. As the transparency of the transportation chain increases, the responsibilities of each link in the logistics chain are also clear.
Keep abreast of the location of the transportation vehicles and keep in touch with the drivers, use the transportation space efficiently and reduce the empty load rate. This will not only bring economic benefits, but also great ecological benefits.
It is possible to improve logistics efficiency by using an electronic dispatching station. To shorten the delivery cycle and information preparation period to reduce capital investment, the modern supply concept must first implement electronic data exchange.
As the “manager and imparter of knowledge”, the electronic dispatching console is of great significance in ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises. The efficiency and quality of information preparation and processing are the goals of the inter-enterprise communication system, and the installation of an electronic dispatching station can well achieve this goal. With the help of electronic dispatching desks supported by remote information, logistics monitoring will be more efficient. A thorough understanding of data and work steps can find some weak links in the enterprise, which will have positive benefits for the operation of the enterprise and enable the enterprise to continuously reduce costs.
Summarize
Transporters need an efficient transportation chain, and the cost of transshipping goods can be reduced as much as possible to achieve high efficiency. The telematics system of the electronic dispatching station can play a huge role through its efficient program modules and secondary systems.
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