Introduction of Dangerous Goods Logistics Tracking System Based on RFID Radio Frequency Identification Technology
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Abstract: Introduced a logistics tracking system based on RFID radio frequency identification technology. The system adopts GPRS data transmission method combined with host computer monitoring and management, and adopts low-power control chip STM32F103RBT, which integrates GPS technology, GPRS branch and ARM and other industrial control technologies to realize real-time tracking of items in the logistics process and ensure that the logistics process is not Will be lost and replaced.
With the acceleration of people’s life rhythm, the rapid development of the logistics industry has promoted the rapid development of the logistics industry, and the rapid development of the logistics industry has also led to a series of problems in the logistics process. In recent years, the proportion of valuables in logistics has increased, and at the same time, the loss of valuables in the logistics process has also increased. The problem of the inability to check which link of the lost valuables is lost has attracted the attention of the logistics industry. Not only valuables need to be monitored throughout the entire process, but the transportation of dangerous goods also urgently needs to be monitored throughout the entire process to ensure that accidents involving hazardous materials can be resolved as soon as possible.
Traditional logistics tracking is to pass the basic information of logistics to the logistics management system by scanning the barcode on the logistics list by the logistics personnel. The disadvantage of this operation method is that there is no real-time performance, the operation of logistics personnel has a certain lag, and the lack of human operation accuracy.
In the design of the logistics tracking system for valuables and dangerous goods proposed in this paper, RFID radio frequency identification technology is introduced, and RFID, GPS, and GPRS technologies are used to dynamically supervise the items in the logistics link.
The use of RFID radio frequency identification technology and GPS technology can dynamically collect the change information and geographic location information of the items in the logistics process. RFID automatically reads the items loaded in the logistics vehicle without manual operation. The GPRS module is added to the system to use the current mature mobile Communication technology, in the absence of a wired network, can also communicate with the management platform database, which can meet the requirements of the supervision platform for real-time information about items. When items are lost or abnormally replaced, they will be reported in real time. The monitoring platform tracks all the items in the logistics link. It effectively solves the current problems of the inability of real-time collection of information and the loss or package drop of valuables and dangerous goods in the logistics process.
1 Design scheme of logistics tracking system
Introduction to the structure of the logistics tracking system: Based on the investigation of the logistics links of valuables, a logistics tracking system with the STM32F103RB series MCU as the core is proposed, which uses RFID and GPS technology to collect specific information such as geographic location information and items in the logistics process in real time. Change information. Use the GPRS module to use the existing mature mobile communication network to transfer the item change information collected by RFID and the real-time geographic location information collected by GPS to the database of the supervision platform through GPRS transmission. At the same time, if the items on the vehicle appear Abnormal changes, the route that the logistics vehicle takes do not follow the order of the platform, and the on-board logistics tracking equipment will alert the platform in real time. Customers can access the server of the supervision platform through the Internet or mobile phones to query the accurate and detailed logistics information of their items. It replaces the backward hand-held scanning method of transmitting logistics dynamic information in logistics, which not only saves manpower and material resources, but also ensures the accuracy of logistics information. The more important role is to prevent the loss and drop of valuables and reduce the appearance of dangerous goods. The degree of harm of the accident.
The block diagram of the logistics tracking system is shown in Figure 1. The logistics vehicle is equipped with a vehicle-mounted terminal, which integrates GPS modules, RFID UHF readers, and GPRS modules. When items with electronic seals or electronic tags are loaded on the vehicle , RFID UHF reader scans all the loaded items, after the scanning is completed, the basic information of the items and GPS geographic location information are processed by the microcontroller, and the processed information is transmitted to The monitoring platform server, the monitoring platform server stores the collected logistics information in the database, at this time, the customer and the logistics monitoring platform can query the logistics information by accessing the database. When the logistics vehicle is moving, RFID continuously scans the items in the vehicle. If there are no abnormal changes in the items, the GPS geographic location information is regularly uploaded to the server. If the items in the logistics vehicle need to be legally changed, the server monitoring platform uses the mobile wireless network. The information to be changed is transmitted to the vehicle-mounted terminal, and the vehicle-mounted terminal will allow the items with electronic tags to be legally changed according to the command information. If there is an abnormal change midway, the vehicle terminal will immediately send an alarm message to the monitoring platform server.
2 Design and development of various parts of the logistics tracking system
2.1 Design analysis of vehicle on-board terminal
The vehicle-mounted terminal includes microcontroller MCU, GPS module, GPRS module, RFID module and power supply part.
2.1.1 Design and analysis of vehicle terminal processor
STM32F103RBT6 is a platform for the MPU and software operation of the logistics tracking system vehicle terminal. STM32F103 is a 32-bit standard RISC embedded microprocessor. This type of processor operates at 72 MHz and has a built-in 128 kB FLASH memory and 20 kB SRAM. The memory supports CF card, SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memory, embedded serial single-wire JTAG debugging interface, embedded tracking module (ETM), can provide clear instruction operation and data flow information when the chip is running, with sleep, shutdown, and standby Mode 3 kinds of low power consumption modes. The information collection terminal is equipped with Blox’s NEO; 5Q high-performance GPS chip, RFID UHF reader/writer part, Siemens’ GPRS module MC52i, liquid crystal display part and SD card.
After receiving the transportation task, the logistics vehicle activates the vehicle terminal through the man-machine interface and buttons of the vehicle terminal and connects to the supervision platform for registration. During the loading process, read the tags of all items and proofread them with the supervision platform. Then in the process of transportation, it continuously communicates with the supervision platform to transmit the information required by the platform.
2.1.2 GPS module design analysis
In order to meet the requirements of high-precision positioning, the logistics tracking vehicle terminal adopts the NEO-5Q GPS module to receive positioning information. The latest fifth-generation positioning engine u-Blox 5 is introduced by Blox Company in Switzerland. This module has 50-channel Blox engine and more than 1 million effective correlators. It can simultaneously track GPS and Galileo navigation satellite signals. The first positioning time for startup and auxiliary startup is less than 1 second. It also supports A-GPS functions such as AssistNow Online and AssistNow Office.
The operating voltage of the GPS chip ranges from 2.7 to 3.6 V. In the actual design, AMS117-3.3 is used to provide a stable 3.3 V power supply for it. Its positioning data supports NMEA-0183 protocol and UBX binary.
The TXD pin and RXD pin of NEO-5Q are connected with RXD2 and TXD2 of STM32F103RBT6. The module supports data input and output of UART, USB, I2C and SPI interfaces. The default baud rate of UART is 9 600, 8 data bits, and no parity. NEO-5Q can provide a positioning update rate up to 4 Hz, and its positioning update rate and positioning data output format can be set by software. In this design, considering the principles of practicability and low power consumption, the positioning update rate is set to 1 Hz, the output protocol is NMEA-0183, and the output format is GPRMC (minimum GPS positioning information is recommended). The GPS chip can also provide accurate timing services for the system when it searches for effective satellites.
2.1.3 GPRS module design analysis
The GPRS communication module selected for the vehicle terminal is Siemens’ MC52i, which is a dual-frequency GSM/GPRS module with embedded TCP/IP protocol stack; with fast GPRS technology, the module is small in size, light in weight, and low in power consumption. It supports data, voice, SMS and fax functions, AT command control conforms to GSM07.05, and the working frequency is 900/1 800 MHz.
The voltage range supported by MC52i is 3.3 to 4.4 V, the current consumption is 3.0 mA in sleep state, 10.0μA in idle state, and the current consumption is 300 mA in call state, and it can reach 2.0 A at the highest point. The down current is only 100μA. The power is 2 W at 900 MHz and 1 W at 1 800 MHz. The data features are CSD up to 14.4 kbps, USSD, and opaque mode. The module is easy to use and has a power interface, 1.8 V/3.0 V SIM card interface, full-duplex UART interface, TTL output, and 50 ohm antenna connector.
The TXD pin and RXD pin of MC52i are connected with RXD and TXD of STM32F103RBT6. The module supports data input and output of the UART interface. The default baud rate of the UART is 9 600, with 8 data bits and no parity.
2.1.4 RFID module design analysis
The RFID radio frequency identification module mainly uses the YXUK5 split UHF reader and RFID electronic tag communication method to check the change information of the electronic tag, transmit the change information of the RFID electronic tag to the CPU, and perform data analysis and processing through the GPRS module Transmit the information that needs to be transmitted to the supervision platform.
RFID electronic tags, also called smart tags, are being used more and more widely due to a series of advantages. It is usually composed of a printing layer, a chip layer and a bottom layer. The chip layer is between the printing layer and the bottom layer and is the core part of the label. The chip layer cannot withstand the printing pressure. Therefore, the usual practice is to print the printing layer first, make the bottom layer, and then compound with the chip layer. Smart label is a non-contact automatic identification technology, the identification work does not require human intervention. It automatically recognizes the target object and obtains related data through radio frequency signals. Compared with barcodes, RFID smart electronic tags are rewritable, non-contact, can be read at the same time, have a large data storage capacity, and contain a single product. information. According to frequency division, including 125 kHz, 13.56MHz, 9.15MHz, 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz. This system uses a passive UHF RFID H4 chip. Its basic performance is as follows: the operating frequency range is 902-928MHz, and there is a 96-bit programmable memory on-chip that can be used to store relevant information. The information transmission mode of H4 adopts load modulation and the encoding is Miller code. Because H4 contains resonant circuit and power filter capacitor, it is more convenient to use. H4 is a read-only memory card in wireless mode, and its programming adopts online programming mode.
2.2 Design and analysis of logistics supervision platform
The logistics supervision platform is mainly composed of a GPRS receiving module and a server. The GPRS module uploads the received logistics information to the server. The server analyzes the data and stores it in the database. At the same time, the server can also receive the customer’s access requirements and issue confidence inquiries in real time. Dynamic information of cars and cargo.
3 software design
The software part of the system is mainly composed of two parts: the upper computer software and the vehicle logistics terminal. Here is a detailed introduction to the software design of the vehicle logistics terminal.
The logistics vehicle-mounted terminal equipment is initialized after it is turned on. The initialization includes GPS initialization, GPRS initialization, and RFID initialization. After the initialization is normal, it enters the while loop and waits for the interrupt request of the upper computer. When the upper computer has an interrupt request, the controller collects the GPS module. The data of RFID and RFID is uploaded to the upper computer platform through the GPRS module, and the upper computer platform analyzes and processes the collected data to check whether there is any abnormal change. When the host computer does not have an interrupt request, the on-board interrupt controller waits for a timer, and automatically collects the geographic location information of the GPS module and the RFID tag information after the specified time, and uploads the collected information to the host computer platform.
4 Conclusion
Aiming at the problem of the loss of valuables in the logistics process and the inability to collect logistics information in real time, the paper studies the logistics tracking system based on GPS, GPRS and RFID radio frequency identification. Through this system, valuables can be monitored in real time during the logistics process. In the event of an abnormal situation, the logistics personnel can be notified to the police in time to reduce the loss of valuables and dangerous goods.In the following research, not only will the logistics information be uploaded to the logistics supervision platform in real time, but also information will be communicated with customers, so that customers can understand and supervise the logistics process of their goods in real time, making the logistics industry safer and more efficient.
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